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        • C
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      • PIC32
        • C
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8 over USB-C
          • EasyPIC v8
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          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC PRO v7a
          • PICPLC16 v7a
          • EasyPIC v7a
          • EasyPIC PRO v7
          • EasyPIC v7
        • 6th Generation
          • PICPLC16 v6
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyPIC v8 PIC24/dsPIC33
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
          • EasyPIC v7 for dsPIC30
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy24-33 v6
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC32
          • Fusion for PIC32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for ARM v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for STM32 v8
          • Fusion for STM32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for KINETIS v8
          • Fusion for Kinetis v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for TIVA v8
          • Fusion for TIVA v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyMx PRO v7a STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 Tiva
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyAVR PRO v8
          • EasyAVR PRO v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyAVR v7
        • 6th Generation
          • AVRPLC16 v6
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • 7th generation
          • BIG8051
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy8051 v6
      • PSoC (8-bit)
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6 Development System
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6
          • mikroBoard for PIC 80-pin
          • mikroBoard for AVR
          • mikroBoard for dsPIC
          • mikroBoard for PSoC
          • mikroBoard for 8051
          • mikroBoard for PIC 40-pin
          • mikroBoard for ARM
          • mikroBoard for ARM 144-pin
      • IoT - Wearable
        • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear Power User Pack
          • Hexiwear Docking Station
          • Hexiwear Battery Pack
          • Hexiwear Color Pack
          • Hexiwear Workstation
      • Analog Boards
        • 7th Generation
          • Analog System Lab Kit PRO
    • Starter Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FK
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • Ready for PIC Board
          • Ready for PIC (DIP28)
          • PIC-Ready2 Board
          • MMC Ready Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC24
          • Clicker 2 for dsPIC33
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • dsPIC-Ready1 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready2 Board
          • DsPIC-Ready3 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready4 Board
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC32MX clicker
          • 6LoWPAN Clicker
          • PIC32MZ clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MX
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-32 Board
          • MINI-32 for PIC32MZ
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click PIC32MZ
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • RA4M1 Clicker
          • Kinetis Clicker
          • MSP432 Clicker
          • CEC1702 clicker
          • CEC1302 Clicker
          • STM32 M4 clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for STM32
          • Clicker 2 for Kinetis
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1702
          • Clicker 2 for MSP432
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1302
          • Clicker 2 for PSoC 6
        • Clicker 4
          • Clicker 4 for TMPM4K
          • Clicker 4 for STM32
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-M4 for STM32
          • MINI-M4 For Kinetis
          • MINI-M4 for Tiva
          • MINI-M4 for Stellaris
          • MINI-M4 for MSP432
          • MINI-M0 for STM32
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click SAM3X
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-AT Board - 3.3V
          • MINI-AT Board - 5V
        • Ready
          • Ready for AVR Board
          • Ready For XMEGA
          • mikroXMEGA Board
          • AVR-Ready2 Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • 8051-Ready Board
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for FT90x
      • Miscellaneous
        • USB
          • USB Wizard
          • Quail
          • FlowPaw Kit
      • Universal Boards
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
    • Prog-Debug
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for dsPIC
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC32
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for ARM
          • CODEGRIP for ARM USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for STM32
          • CODEGRIP for KINETIS
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for STM32
          • mikroProg for Tiva
          • mikroProg for Kinetis
          • mikroProg for CEC
          • mikroProg for MSP432
          • mikroProg for PSoC 5LP
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for AVR
          • CODEGRIP for AVR - USB-C
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for 8051
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for FT90x
    • Smart Displays
      • 2.8"
        • ARM (32-bit)
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        • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
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      • 3.5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 4.3"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 7"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
    • MCU Cards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
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        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
    • Accessories
      • TFT Displays
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      • ARM
        • mikroLab Kits
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          • mikroLAB for Tiva
        • EasyStart Kits
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        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 4" - STM32F4
          • TFT 5" - TIVA
          • TFT 7" - STM32F4
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M3
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M4
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 3" - STM32F3
          • TFT 3" - STM32F4
        • TFT Professional Kits
          • TFT 5 Pro Kit - TIVA
          • TFT 7 Pro Kit - STM32F4
          • TFT Plus Pro Kit - STM32F4
      • PIC32
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for PIC32
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX4
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
          • TFT 4" - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
        • Home Automation
          • AWS Home
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC L
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33FJ
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33EP
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC24EP
          • Easy Start Kit - dsPIC30
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
      • AVR
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for AVR
          • mikroLAB for AVR L
          • mikroLAB for AVR XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - AVR
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT Designer kit - XMEGA
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT Developer kit - XMEGA
      • 8051
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for 8051 L
          • mikroLAB for 8051
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - 8051
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MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • click boards icon Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • DMX
        • CXPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • LCD
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • EERAM
        • ReRAM
        • DRAM
        • Click Shields
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      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Servo
        • Stepper
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Audio & Voice
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        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
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        • Haptic
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    • necto icon NECTO
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    • compilers icon Compilers
      • PIC
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for dsPIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for dsPIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for AVR
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for FT90x
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for FT90x
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for 8051
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • dev boards icon Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
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  1. Home
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  3. Microcontrollers have a Heart too

Microcontrollers have a Heart too

Published: 07/09/2016 | Post categories: Click boards, Learn

| Views:11640

Microcontrollers have a Heart too

Heart rate sensors are an interesting way to use IR LEDs (Infared Light-Emitting Diodes) and photo diodes to find a hearts' pulse. Amazingly, the intensity of light received through the photo diode is actually different depending on how much blood is in your arteries. In this blog we will cover a photodiode's basic operation, and how to use our Heart rate 3 click library to find beats per minute.

Photodiodes

Photodiodes are used for detecting light. They use built-in lenses and optical filters to measure the light absorbed by the surface area. The photodiode then takes the amount of light absorbed and converts it to an electric current that can be used to measure the intensity of light being absorbed. When you shine an Infared LED through your finger the amount of light that is reflected back into the photo diode can be measured. The way that the Heart rate 3 senses pulses in your finger, is by measuring the difference in intensity over time. Every time your heart pulses, the arteries in your finger are filled with blood and therefore the intensity of the light decreases.

photodiode

Heart rate 3

Heartrate 3 uses three LEDs and a photodiode to detect the intensity of light returned. It also includes the AFE4404 by TI that includes a 6-bit programmable LED current for all three LEDs, and individual DC offset subtraction DAC at TIA (Transimpedance Amplifier) input for each LED and ambient phase which allows us to increase the accuracy of the sensor and remove the noise from the signal. Along with hardware, there is also a way to average the 24-bit output from the photodiode before sending to the BPM algorithm for better noise cancellation. To use the Heart rate 3 it is very easy, here is a code example of calibrating the sampling frequency of the BPM function to ensure accuracy.

#include 
#include "heartrate_3.h"
#include "resources.h"

// HeartRate 3 GPIO
sbit HR3_RST at GPIOC_ODR.B2;

void system_setup( void );
void setup_interrupt();
void InitTimer2();

char  uart_text[20] = {0};
uint64_t int_count = 0;      //Used by timer to calibrate sampling freq.
     
void main()
{    
     //Local Declarations
     uint16_t   rate     = 0;
     char txt[15] = {0};

     system_setup();     // GPIO / HeartRate 3 / UART / I2C Setups
     Delay_ms(200);

     while(1)
     {   
         rate = hr3_get_heartrate();        
           
         //Write to UART
         IntToStr( rate, uart_text );
         UART1_Write_Text( uart_text );
         UART1_Write_Text( "rn" );
     }

}

void system_setup( void )
{
    //Local Declarations
    dynamic_modes_t dynamic_modes;
    uint8_t         address = 0x58;
    
    //Set up dynamic modes for Heart Rate 3 Initialization
    dynamic_modes.transmit = trans_dis;                      //Transmitter disabled
    dynamic_modes.curr_range = led_double;                   //LED range 0 - 100
    dynamic_modes.adc_power = adc_on;                        //ADC on
    dynamic_modes.clk_mode = osc_mode;                       //Use internal Oscillator
    dynamic_modes.tia_power = tia_off;                       //TIA off
    dynamic_modes.rest_of_adc = rest_of_adc_off;             //Rest of ADC off
    dynamic_modes.afe_rx_mode = afe_rx_normal;               //Normal Receiving on AFE
    dynamic_modes.afe_mode = afe_normal;                     //Normal AFE functionality

    //GPIO setup
    GPIO_Digital_Output( &GPIOC_BASE, _GPIO_PINMASK_2 );
    GPIO_Digital_Input( &GPIOA_BASE, _GPIO_PINMASK_0 );
    GPIO_Digital_Input( &GPIOD_BASE, _GPIO_PINMASK_10 );

    //UART Initialize
    UART1_Init( 9600 );
    UART1_Write_Text( "UART is Initializedrn" );

    //Toggle Reset pin
    HR3_RST = 0;
    Delay_us(50);
    HR3_RST = 1;

    //I2C Initialize
    I2C1_Init_Advanced( 400000, &_GPIO_MODULE_I2C1_PB67 );
    UART1_Write_Text( "I2C Initializedrn" );

    //Heart Rate 3 InitializePhotodiodes
    hr3_init( address, &dynamic_modes );

    // Initialize HR algorithm values to 0 
    initStatHRM();

    // Setup interrupt handler 
    setup_interrupt();

    // Used to calibrate / test sampling frequency
    InitTimer2(); 
}

void setup_interrupt() 
{
  GPIO_Digital_Output(&GPIOE_BASE, _GPIO_PINMASK_HIGH);  // Enable digital output on PORTD
  GPIOE_ODR = 0xAAAA;
  GPIO_Digital_Input(&GPIOD_BASE, _GPIO_PINMASK_10);

  RCC_APB2ENR.AFIOEN = 1;              // Enable clock for alternate pin functions
  AFIO_EXTICR3 = 0x0300;               // PD10 as External interrupt
  EXTI_RTSR = 0x00000400;              // Set interrupt on Rising edge
  EXTI_IMR |= 0x00000400;              // Set mask
  NVIC_IntEnable(IVT_INT_EXTI15_10);   // Enable External interrupt

  EnableInterrupts();                  // Enables the processor interrupt.
}

void ExtInt() iv IVT_INT_EXTI15_10 ics ICS_AUTO {
   EXTI_PR.B10 = 1;                             // clear flag
   int_count++;
   statHRMAlgo( hr3_get_led1_amb1_val() );      // Give led1 ambient value to heartrate function. ( 100 times a second / 100hz )

}

// This timer was used to calibrate sampling frequency for heartrate..
// Timing is right on and when MCU was at room temp, ADC_RDY was triggered
// exactly 100 times a second. ( what we want )
void InitTimer2()  // 1 second
{   
  RCC_APB1ENR.TIM2EN = 1;
  TIM2_CR1.CEN = 0;
  TIM2_PSC = 1124;
  TIM2_ARR = 63999;
  NVIC_IntEnable(IVT_INT_TIM2);
  TIM2_DIER.UIE = 1;
  TIM2_CR1.CEN = 1;
}

void Timer2_interrupt() iv IVT_INT_TIM2 
{
  TIM2_SR.UIF = 0;

  sprintl( uart_text, "Counter: %llu rn", int_count );
  UART1_Write_Text( uart_text );
  int_count = 0;
}

Every time that the all three LEDs have finished sampling and converting the ADC_RDY interupt is triggered, and using the ExtInt function we are incrementing a count variable and sending the LED1 ambient light data to the heart rate algorithm. Every 1 second a timer interrupt is triggered, capturing that count variable, displaying it on the terminal through serial port, and then resetting the counter to 0. If the timing is done correctly for the conditions of the heart rate 3, the counter should increment to 100 every 1 second. A way we can calibrate the frequency of samples we send to the algorithm, we can add a divider to the interrupt that sends the data to the algorithm like this...

void ExtInt() iv IVT_INT_EXTI15_10 ics ICS_AUTO {
   EXTI_PR.B10 = 1;                             // clear flag

   //If we are getting 200 samples a second, we simply 
   //only send data every other interrupt
  if( int_count == 2 )
  {   
      statHRMAlgo( hr3_get_led1_amb1_val() );
      int_count = 0;
  }
  else
      int_count++; 
}

If we are getting something like 120 samples a second, we will need to change the actual timing of the sampling and converting on the MCU. This can be done with functions in the hardware layer, and referencing the datasheet. By default, when you initialize the Heart rate 3, the PRF (Pulse Rate Frequency) divider is set to 1 and the timing values are set to a default value defined in the datasheet. If we want to divide the PRF by more than 1, we simply divide all of the timings by that same number, for example here is the init function while the divider is set to 1.

    //Clock Timing for CLKDIV_PRF = 1
    hr3_set_led2_start_end( 0, 399 );
    hr3_set_led2_sample_start_end( 80, 399 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset0_start_end( 401, 407 );
    hr3_set_led2_convert_start_end( 408, 1467 );
    hr3_set_led3_start_stop( 400, 799 );
    hr3_set_led3_sample_start_end( 480, 799 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset1_start_end( 1469, 1475 );
    hr3_set_led3_convert_start_end( 1476, 2535 );
    hr3_set_led1_start_end( 800, 1199 );
    hr3_set_led1_sample_start_end( 880, 1199 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset2_start_end( 2537, 2543 );
    hr3_set_led1_convert_start_end( 2544, 3603 );
    hr3_set_amb1_sample_start_end( 1279, 1598 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset3_start_end( 3605, 3611 );
    hr3_set_amb1_convert_start_end( 3612, 4671 );
    hr3_set_pdn_cycle_start_end( 5471, 39199 );
    hr3_set_prpct_count( 39999 );                              
    hr3_set_int_clk_div( 1 );

And here is an example of when the PRF divider is set to 5.

    //Clock Timing for CLKDIV_PRF = 5
    hr3_set_led2_start_end( 0, 79 );
    hr3_set_led2_sample_start_end( 16, 79 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset0_start_end( 80, 81 );
    hr3_set_led2_convert_start_end( 81, 293 );
    hr3_set_led3_start_stop( 80, 159 );
    hr3_set_led3_sample_start_end( 96, 159 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset1_start_end( 293, 295 );
    hr3_set_led3_convert_start_end( 295, 507 );
    hr3_set_led1_start_end( 160, 239 );
    hr3_set_led1_sample_start_end( 176, 239 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset2_start_end( 507, 508 );
    hr3_set_led1_convert_start_end( 508, 720 );
    hr3_set_amb1_sample_start_end( 255, 319 );
    hr3_set_adc_reset3_start_end( 721, 722 );
    hr3_set_amb1_convert_start_end( 722, 934 );
    hr3_set_pdn_cycle_start_end( 1094, 7839 );
    hr3_set_prpct_count( 7999 );        
    hr3_set_int_clk_div( 5 );

With this calibration technique, the great heart rate algorithm, and a steady finger on the click board it is easy to find your heart rate. In these examples I have sent the LED1 ambient values to the algorithm for higher accuracy. In some cases, it would be better to send LED1 values instead, but that will have to be determined by the user.

Source code can be found on either Libstock or Github.

Summary

Heart rate sensors are awesome, and with a good library they can be very accurate at finding pulses without much noise. Heart rate 3 is a great example of using one of the most accurate heart rate sensors out there, and a great library to produce a heart rate with ease.

References

Heart rate 3 Product Page

Photodiodes

AFE4404 Datasheet

Infared LEDs

Libstock

Github

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