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      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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      • PIC32
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
    • Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8 over USB-C
          • EasyPIC v8
          • EasyPIC v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC PRO v7a
          • PICPLC16 v7a
          • EasyPIC v7a
          • EasyPIC PRO v7
          • EasyPIC v7
        • 6th Generation
          • PICPLC16 v6
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyPIC v8 PIC24/dsPIC33
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
          • EasyPIC v7 for dsPIC30
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy24-33 v6
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC32
          • Fusion for PIC32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for ARM v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for STM32 v8
          • Fusion for STM32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for KINETIS v8
          • Fusion for Kinetis v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for TIVA v8
          • Fusion for TIVA v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyMx PRO v7a STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 Tiva
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyAVR PRO v8
          • EasyAVR PRO v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyAVR v7
        • 6th Generation
          • AVRPLC16 v6
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • 7th generation
          • BIG8051
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy8051 v6
      • PSoC (8-bit)
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6 Development System
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6
          • mikroBoard for PIC 80-pin
          • mikroBoard for AVR
          • mikroBoard for dsPIC
          • mikroBoard for PSoC
          • mikroBoard for 8051
          • mikroBoard for PIC 40-pin
          • mikroBoard for ARM
          • mikroBoard for ARM 144-pin
      • IoT - Wearable
        • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear Power User Pack
          • Hexiwear Docking Station
          • Hexiwear Battery Pack
          • Hexiwear Color Pack
          • Hexiwear Workstation
      • Analog Boards
        • 7th Generation
          • Analog System Lab Kit PRO
    • Starter Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FK
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • Ready for PIC Board
          • Ready for PIC (DIP28)
          • PIC-Ready2 Board
          • MMC Ready Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC24
          • Clicker 2 for dsPIC33
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • dsPIC-Ready1 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready2 Board
          • DsPIC-Ready3 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready4 Board
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC32MX clicker
          • 6LoWPAN Clicker
          • PIC32MZ clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MX
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-32 Board
          • MINI-32 for PIC32MZ
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click PIC32MZ
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • RA4M1 Clicker
          • Kinetis Clicker
          • MSP432 Clicker
          • CEC1702 clicker
          • CEC1302 Clicker
          • STM32 M4 clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for STM32
          • Clicker 2 for Kinetis
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1702
          • Clicker 2 for MSP432
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1302
          • Clicker 2 for PSoC 6
        • Clicker 4
          • Clicker 4 for TMPM4K
          • Clicker 4 for STM32
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-M4 for STM32
          • MINI-M4 For Kinetis
          • MINI-M4 for Tiva
          • MINI-M4 for Stellaris
          • MINI-M4 for MSP432
          • MINI-M0 for STM32
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click SAM3X
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-AT Board - 3.3V
          • MINI-AT Board - 5V
        • Ready
          • Ready for AVR Board
          • Ready For XMEGA
          • mikroXMEGA Board
          • AVR-Ready2 Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • 8051-Ready Board
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for FT90x
      • Miscellaneous
        • USB
          • USB Wizard
          • Quail
          • FlowPaw Kit
      • Universal Boards
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
    • Prog-Debug
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for dsPIC
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC32
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for ARM
          • CODEGRIP for ARM USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for STM32
          • CODEGRIP for KINETIS
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for STM32
          • mikroProg for Tiva
          • mikroProg for Kinetis
          • mikroProg for CEC
          • mikroProg for MSP432
          • mikroProg for PSoC 5LP
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for AVR
          • CODEGRIP for AVR - USB-C
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for 8051
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for FT90x
    • Smart Displays
      • 2.8"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • AVR (8-bit)
        • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 3.5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 4.3"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 7"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
    • MCU Cards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 7th Generation (empty)
        • 6th Generation
        • 6th Generation (empty)
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 7th Generation (empty)
        • 6th Generation
        • 6th Generation (empty)
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
        • 6th Generation (empty)
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 7th Generation (empty)
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 6th Generation
        • 6th Generation (empty)
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
    • Accessories
      • TFT Displays
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        • TFT Developer
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        • GLCD Designer
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      • ARM
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for STM32
          • mikroLAB for Tiva
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - STM32
          • Easy Start Kit - Tiva
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 4" - STM32F4
          • TFT 5" - TIVA
          • TFT 7" - STM32F4
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M3
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M4
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 3" - STM32F3
          • TFT 3" - STM32F4
        • TFT Professional Kits
          • TFT 5 Pro Kit - TIVA
          • TFT 7 Pro Kit - STM32F4
          • TFT Plus Pro Kit - STM32F4
      • PIC32
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for PIC32
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX4
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
          • TFT 4" - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
        • Home Automation
          • AWS Home
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC L
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33FJ
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33EP
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC24EP
          • Easy Start Kit - dsPIC30
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
      • AVR
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for AVR
          • mikroLAB for AVR L
          • mikroLAB for AVR XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - AVR
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT Designer kit - XMEGA
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT Developer kit - XMEGA
      • 8051
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for 8051 L
          • mikroLAB for 8051
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - 8051
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MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • click boards icon Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
        • WiFi+BLE
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • DMX
        • CXPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • LCD
        • Electronic Paper Display
        • OSD
        • TFT
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • EERAM
        • ReRAM
        • DRAM
        • Click Shields
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      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Servo
        • Stepper
        • Click Shields
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      • Audio & Voice
        • Amplifier
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        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
        • Pushbutton/Switches
        • Potentiometers
        • Rotary encoder
        • Haptic
        • Fingerprint
        • Click Shields
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      • Clock & Timing
        • RTC
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    • necto icon NECTO
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    • compilers icon Compilers
      • PIC
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        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for dsPIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for dsPIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for AVR
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for FT90x
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for FT90x
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
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      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for 8051
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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  1. Home
  2. ebooks
  3. Components of electronic devices
  4. introduction-to-other-components
MikroElektronika books

10. Introduction to Other components

 

The following table covers almost every circuit symbol you will need. This is the English/American version of each symbol. The European version of some symbols is slightly different and are shown further down the page.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10.1

  • CIRCUT SIMBOLS by Talking Electronic
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_AC
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_alternistor_triac
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ammeter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_and_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_and_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_antenna_balanced
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_antenna_loop_shielded
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_antenna_loop_unshielded
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_antenna_unbalanced
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_attenuator_fixed
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_attenuator_variable1a
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_battery
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_bilateral_switch
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_bridge_rectifier
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_buffer
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_buffer2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_buzzer
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_capacitor_feedthrough
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_capacitor_fixed_nopoles
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_capacitor_fixed_poles
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_capacitor_variable
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_cathode_ray_oscilloscope
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_cavity_resonator
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_cell
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_circuit_breaker
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_coaxial_cable
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_connectors
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_cro
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_crystal_microphone
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_crystal_piezoelectric
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_darlington2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_DC
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_delay_line
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diac
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_bridge
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_gunn
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_light_emitting
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_photosensitive
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_photovoltaic
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_pin
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_varactor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_diode_zener
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_earpiece
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_el
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_electret_microphone
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_electrolytic
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_electrolytic-2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_exclusive_or_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_exclusive_or_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ferrite_bead
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_fet_nchannel
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_fet_pchannel
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_flashing_led
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_fuse
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_galvanometer
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_globe
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ground_chassis
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ground_earth
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_headphone
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_heater
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_i_c
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inductor_air_core
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inductor_iron_core
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inductor_tapped
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inductor_variable
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_integrated_circuit
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inverter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_inverter2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_jack_coaxial
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_jack_phone_2conductor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_jack_phone_3conductor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_jack_phone_switched
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_key_morse
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_lamp_incandescent
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_lamp_neon
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_lascr
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_laser
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ldr
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_led
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_led_flashing
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_mercury_switch
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_microamp-meter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_microphone
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_microphone_piezo
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_milliamp-meter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_motor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_nand_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_nand_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_nitinol
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_negative_voltage_connection
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_nor_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_nor_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_not_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_not2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_ohm-meter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_operational_amplifier
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_optocoupler1
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_optocoupler-1a
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_optocoupler2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_optocoupler-2a
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_or_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_or_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_oscilloscope
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_outlet
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_piezo
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photocell
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photo_darlington
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photo_diode
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photo_fet
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photo_transistor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_photovoltaic_cell
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_piezo_speaker
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_positive_voltage_connection
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_potentiometer
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_PUT
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_rectifier_semiconductor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_rectifier_silicon_controlled
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_reed_sw
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_relay_dpdt
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_relay_dpst
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_relay_spdt
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_relay_spst
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_resistor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_resistorNonInductive
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_resistor-preset
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_resistor-variable
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_resonator
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_rfc
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_rheostat
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_saturable_reactor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_schmitt
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_schottky_diode
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_shielding
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_shockley_diode
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_signal_generator
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_silicon_bilateral_switch
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_scr
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_silicon_unilateral_switch
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_solar_cell
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_speaker
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_surfacemount-1
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_mercury
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_spst
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_spdt
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_dpst
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_dpdt
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_process
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_push
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_push_off
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_switch_rotary
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_test_point
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_thermal_probe
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_thermocouple
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_thyristors
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_tilt_switch_mercury
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_touch-sensor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transformer_air_core
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transformer_iron_core
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transformer_tapped
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_bipolar_npn
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_bipolar_pnp
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_field_effect_nchannel
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_field_effect_pchannel
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_metal_oxide_dualgate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_metal_oxide_singlegate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_photosensitive
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_schottky_npn
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_unijunction-1
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_transistor_unijunction-2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_triac
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_tunnel_diode
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_unijunction
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_varactor
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_voltage_regulator
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_voltmeter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_wattmeter
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_wires
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_wires_connected
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_wires_not_connected
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_xor_gate
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_xor_gate2
  • understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10-cs_zener
  • Learn BASIC ELECTRONIC Go to: Talking Electronic email: Collin Mitchell

NOTES Here are a few notes on the symbols above.

Fuses (10.1a) have single role in a circuit - to detect excess current and protect the device. In most cases the excess current flows when a higher voltage is present but a fuse cannot detect the voltage - it can only detect when a higher current flows. The higher voltage causes the higher current to flow and this triggers the action of "blowing the fuse." Of course, when a component fails, a higher current can flow and this will also "blow the fuse." Fuses come in all sizes and ratings (current flow) and it is important to know that the size of the wire inside a fuse does not necessarily indicate the current rating. The wire inside can be made from copper and plated to protect it from oxidizing or it can be a low temperature material that needs to be a larger diameter. The wire can also be wound in a spiral and formed into a spring. The end of the spring sits in a dob of solder and when the spring heats up, the solder melts and the spring separates from the other end. This is called a DELAY FUSE. Other forms of delay fuse consist of a wire joined at the centre by a dob of solder and others are made of low-temperature-melting material. Some pieces of equipment use expensive fuses and whenever a fuse is damaged, you must decide if the problem is a major or minor fault. Sometimes a fuse can go open-circuit for no apparent reason. It can "wear-out." For instance, some equipment takes a very high current when it is turned on and you will see the fuse heat up and stretch and dip in the middle. This causes strain on the fuse and eventually the wire oxidizes to a point where it finally "burns out." The equipment is not faulty and it is just a matter of replacing the fuse. Sometimes the fuse completely explodes and the glass is thrown all over the chassis. This indicates a short-circuit in the power supply and most often one or more of the diodes must be replaced. The fuse can also go off with a "bang" and the inside of the glass is coated with "silver." This also indicates a diode is damaged in the power supply. Generally 2 or 4 diodes are damaged. If the fuse is damaged beyond recognition, you will not know if it is a delay fuse or a normal fuse. The current-rating on the end-cap can sometimes help you. For instance, if a fuse is rated at 4A, you will need to replace it with a 4 amp normal fuse or 3.15 amp slow-blow. When fuses are rating at 100mA to 250mA, they are very delicate and will not accept the slightest overload. When replacing this type of fuse, it is necessary to determine if the equipment is drawing a heavy current when turning on or if a fault exists in the power supply. Sometimes the switch can cause the problem if it is not making contact fast enough. Replace the fuse and watch it as someone else turns on the equipment. If the fuse burns out immediately, a short exists. If the fuse glows red and burns out, the equipment is drawing too much current during turn-on. This may be due to devices you have added to the equipment or operation on a slightly higher voltage. You can try a fuse with a slightly higher rating to see if the fault is fixed. Never replace a 100mA fuse with a 1 amp fuse. The 1 amp fuse will never "blow" and if the transformer is being overloaded, the transformer will simply "cook." Lamps (10.1b) Ordinary electric light globes heat a coil of tungsten wire inside a glass bulb that has an inert gas such as argon. The resistance of the filament depends on the temperature it is heated to. It can be ten to twenty times higher than when it is cold. A neon lamp (10.1c) contains a gas (such as neon) and this gas gives off a glow when a high voltage is applied to two plates. This glow occurs at about 70v to 90v and a resistor must be used in series to prevent the voltage rising higher than required by the lamp. To put this more accurately, the resistance of the neon lamp reduces when it "strikes" and a high current will flow. To limit this current a "current limit" resistor is needed. VDR (10.1d) The resistance of a VDR depends on the voltage across it. A VDR is also called a VARISTOR. Its resistance is high until a critical value of voltage and the resistance suddenly drops. They are used as voltage protection devices. If they, for example, see a voltage higher than 220V, their resistance decreases and this “soaks” the excess voltage. Their response time is only a few 10's of nanoseconds. The symbol for a single DC cell is shown in 10.1e. A Quartz crystal is shown in 10.1f. It is a thin sheet of quarts material between two metal plates and packaged in a metal case. Quartz crystals are commonly used as the reference for an oscillator circuit, such as a clock source in microprocessor designs. An instrument for measuring current (A) and voltage (V) is shown in 10.1g. This symbol dates from the time when analog instruments with a needle were used. The symbol remains the same, although digital instruments have replaced analog devices. AC voltage symbol is shown in 10.1h. The shape of the wave is shown in the symbol. It can be sine-wave or saw-tooth or square-wave. The simplest form of switch device is displayed in 10.1i. Because of the wide range of switches, there are many different types in use. For example, a two pole switch (10.1j) has two operating positions, in one position it connects points 1 and 2, and in the other it connects points 1 and 3. There are switches with more operating positions. 10.1k is an example of a rotary switch with four positions.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-10.1.1

Momentary switches, or push buttons have a built-in spring, which makes the switch conduct only while it is being pressed (your standard doorbell has this kind of switch). Four diodes in a single case is called a BRIDGE. Two pins are marked with sine waves, used to connect to the AC voltage and two marked with "+" and "-"

RELAY When an electromagnet receives sufficient voltage on points 4 and 5, connection between points 2 and 3 is opened, and at the same time points 3 and 1 are closed. A relay is actually an electromagnetic switch. Symbols for a receiving and transmitting antenna are shown. Grounding symbols Grounding and common ground aren't the same thing, but if both exist in a circuit, they are always connected to each other. With electronic devices housed in a metal case, grounding is connected to the metal housing. Schematic symbols representing logic gates and different digital integrated circuits are shown above. It should be kept in mind that basic logic gates (AND, OR, XOR, Inverter, etc.) aren't manufactured as single standalone components. They are always integrated in groups in an IC, but for the sake of clarity, they are represented as separate blocks. These components require a DC voltage, which may or may not be represented on the schematic. These voltages might be different depending on the internal structure and technology used between different family types. Detailed info on this can be found in the component's datasheet provided by the manufacturer.

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