MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi+BLE
        • WiFi
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • Adapter
        • LCD
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Stepper
        • Servo
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Audio & Voice
        • Amplifier
        • Microphone
        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
        • Pushbutton/Switches
        • Potentiometers
        • Rotary encoder
        • Haptic
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
        • Fingerprint
      • Clock & Timing
        • RTC
        • Clock generator
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Power Management
        • Battery charger
        • Boost
        • Buck
        • Linear
        • Buck-Boost
        • Wireless Charging
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
    • Necto
      • ARM
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • PIC
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for PIC
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • PIC32
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for PIC32
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • dsPIC
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • AVR
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
    • Compilers
      • ARM
        • C
          • mikroC AI for ARM
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • PIC
        • C
          • mikroC AI for PIC
          • mikroC PRO for PIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • mikroC AI for PIC32
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
          • mikroC AI for dsPIC
          • mikroC PRO for dsPIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for dsPIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • AVR
        • C
          • mikroC AI for AVR
          • mikroC PRO for AVR
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for 8051
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for FT90x
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for FT90x
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
    • Dev Boards
      • PIC
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
          • EasyPIC v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC PRO v7a
          • PICPLC16 v7a
          • EasyPIC v7a
          • EasyPIC PRO v7
          • EasyPIC v7
        • 6th Generation
          • PICPLC16 v6
      • ARM
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
          • Fusion for STM32 v8
          • Fusion for KINETIS v8
          • Fusion for TIVA v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyMx PRO v7 for Tiva
          • EasyMx PRO v7 for STM32
      • PIC32
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for PIC32
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • EasyPIC v8 PIC24/dsPIC33
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30
          • Fusion for PIC v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
          • EasyPIC v7 for dsPIC30
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy24-33 v6
      • AVR
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyAVR v7
        • 6th Generation
          • AVRPLC16 v6
      • 8051
        • 7th generation
          • BIG8051
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy8051 v6
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6
          • mikroBoard for PIC 80-pin
          • mikroBoard for AVR
          • mikroBoard for dsPIC
          • mikroBoard for PSoC
          • mikroBoard for 8051
          • mikroBoard for PIC 40-pin
          • mikroBoard for ARM
          • mikroBoard for ARM 144-pin
      • IoT - Wearable
        • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear Power User Pack
          • Hexiwear Docking Station
          • Hexiwear Battery Pack
          • Hexiwear Color Pack
          • Hexiwear Workstation
      • Analog Boards
        • 7th Generation
          • Analog System Lab Kit PRO
    • Starter Boards
      • PIC
        • Clicker
          • PIC clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FK
        • Ready
          • Ready for PIC Board
          • Ready for PIC (DIP28)
          • PIC-Ready2 Board
          • MMC Ready Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for PIC
      • ARM
        • Clicker
          • RA4M1 Clicker
          • Kinetis Clicker
          • MSP432 Clicker
          • CEC1702 clicker
          • CEC1302 Clicker
          • STM32 M4 clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for STM32
          • Clicker 2 for Kinetis
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1702
          • Clicker 2 for MSP432
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1302
          • Clicker 2 for PSoC 6
        • Clicker 4
          • Clicker 4 for TMPM4K
          • Clicker 4 for STM32
        • MINI
          • MINI-M4 for STM32
          • MINI-M0 for STM32
          • MINI-M4 for Tiva
          • MINI-M4 for Stellaris
          • MINI-M4 for MSP432
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click SAM3X
      • PIC32
        • Clicker
          • PIC32MX clicker
          • 6LoWPAN Clicker
          • PIC32MZ clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MX
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ
        • MINI
          • MINI-32 Board
          • MINI-32 for PIC32MZ
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click PIC32MZ
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC24
          • Clicker 2 for dsPIC33
        • Ready
          • dsPIC-Ready1 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready2 Board
          • DsPIC-Ready3 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready4 Board
      • AVR
        • MINI
          • MINI-AT Board - 3.3V
          • MINI-AT Board - 5V
        • Ready
          • Ready for AVR Board
          • Ready For XMEGA
          • mikroXMEGA Board
          • AVR-Ready2 Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for AVR
      • 8051
        • Ready
          • 8051-Ready Board
      • FT90x
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for FT90x
      • Miscellaneous
        • USB
          • USB Wizard
          • Quail
          • FlowPaw Kit
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI Clicker
    • Prog-Debug
      • PIC
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC
      • ARM
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for ARM
          • CODEGRIP for STM32
          • CODEGRIP for KINETIS
          • CODEGRIP for TIVA
        • MikroProg
          • mikroProg for STM32
          • mikroProg for Tiva
          • mikroProg for Kinetis
          • mikroProg for CEC
          • mikroProg for MSP432
          • mikroProg for PSoC 5LP
      • PIC32
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC32
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for dsPIC
      • AVR
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for AVR
      • 8051
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for 8051
      • FT90x
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for FT90x
    • Smart Displays
      • PIC
        • 2.8"
          • PIC 18FJ
          • PIC 18FK
        • 3.5"
          • PIC Cap. FPI with bezel
          • PIC Cap. FPI with frame
          • PIC Capacitive
        • 4.3"
          • PIC Cap. FPI bezel
          • PIC Cap. FPI frame
          • PIC Capacitive
          • SmartGLCD
      • ARM
        • 2.8''
          • STM32 M4
          • STM32 M3
          • PSoC 5LP
          • TIVA
        • 3.5''
          • TIVA Capacitive
          • STM32F2 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F2 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - frame
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - bezel
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Capacitive
          • STM32F4 Capacitive
          • STM32F2 Capacitive
        • 4.3''
          • STM32F2 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F2 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - frame
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - bezel
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Capacitive
          • STM32F7 Capacitive
          • STM32F4 Capacitive
          • STM32 F4
          • STM32 F7
          • TIVA Capacitive
          • TIVA
        • 5''
          • STM32F7 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F7 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - frame
          • Kinetis Cap. FPI - bezel
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - frame
          • STM32F4 Cap. FPI - bezel
          • Kinetis Capacitive
          • STM32F7 Capacitive
          • STM32F4 Capacitive
          • TIVA Capacitive
          • TIVA
        • 7''
          • Capacitive FPI with frame
          • Capacitive FPI with bezel
          • Capacitive
          • STM32F4
          • STM32F7
      • PIC32
        • 2.8"
          • PIC32 MX4
        • 3.5"
          • PIC32MZ Cap.
          • PIC32MZ Cap. FPI frame
        • 4.3"
          • PIC32 Cap. FPI bezel
          • PIC32 Cap. FPI frame
          • PIC32MZ Cap.
          • PIC32 MX7
        • 5"
          • PIC32MZ Cap. FPI bezel
          • PIC32MZ Cap. FPI frame
          • PIC32MZ Cap.
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • 2.8"
          • dsPIC 33FJ
          • dsPIC 33EP
          • dsPIC 24FJ
          • dsPIC 24EP
      • AVR
        • 2.8''
          • XMEGA
      • FT90x
        • 3.5"
          • HMI No Touch
          • HMI Resistive
          • HMI Capacitive
        • 4.3"
          • HMI
          • HMI Capacitive
          • HMI Resistive
          • HMI UXW
          • HMI UXB
          • Plus +
        • 5"
          • HMI
          • HMI Resistive
          • HMI Capacitive
          • HMI UXW
          • HMI UXB
        • 7"
          • HMI
          • HMI Resistive
          • HMI Capacitive
          • HMI UXW
          • HMI UXB
    • MCU Cards
      • PIC
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
      • ARM
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • PIC32
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
      • AVR
        • 6th Generation
    • Accessories
      • Display
        • TFT Displays
        • LCD Modules
        • E-Paper displays
        • RGB LED Matrix Panels
      • Components
        • Microcontrollers
        • Sensors
        • Headers and Connectors
        • Buttons and Switches
        • Antennas
        • Power Supplies
        • Batteries
        • Breadboards
        • Motors
      • Add-on Boards
        • Adapter
        • Miscellaneous
        • Ethernet
        • USB
        • microSD
        • LCD
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • Battery charger
        • ADC
        • CAN
        • DAC
        • GPS/GNSS
        • Motion
        • Relay
        • WiFi
        • ZigBee
        • RS232
        • RS485
        • MP3
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • Microphone
        • Potentiometer
        • RFID/NFC
        • RTC
        • Stepper
        • Temperature & Humidity
    • Kits
      • PIC
        • mikroLab
          • PIC M
          • PIC L
          • PIC 18FK
          • PIC XL
          • PIC 18FJ
        • EasyStart
          • PIC EasyStart
        • TFT Designer
          • PIC 18FJ
        • TFT Developer
          • PIC 18FJ
        • GLCD Designer
          • GLCD Designer
        • GLCD Developer
          • GLCD Developer
      • ARM
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for STM32
          • mikroLAB for Tiva
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - STM32
          • Easy Start Kit - Tiva
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 4" - STM32F4
          • TFT 5" - TIVA
          • TFT 7" - STM32F4
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M3
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M4
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 3" - STM32F3
          • TFT 3" - STM32F4
        • TFT Professional Kits
          • TFT 5 Pro Kit - TIVA
          • TFT 7 Pro Kit - STM32F4
          • TFT Plus Pro Kit - STM32F4
      • PIC32
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for PIC32
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX4
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
          • TFT 4" - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
        • Home Automation
          • AWS Home
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC L
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33FJ
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33EP
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC24EP
          • Easy Start Kit - dsPIC30
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
      • AVR
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for AVR
          • mikroLAB for AVR L
          • mikroLAB for AVR XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - AVR
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT Designer kit - XMEGA
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT Developer kit - XMEGA
      • 8051
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for 8051 L
          • mikroLAB for 8051
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - 8051
  • Shop
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MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • click boards icon Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi+BLE
        • WiFi
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • Adapter
        • LCD
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Stepper
        • Servo
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Audio & Voice
        • Amplifier
        • Microphone
        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
        • Pushbutton/Switches
        • Potentiometers
        • Rotary encoder
        • Haptic
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
        • Fingerprint
      • Clock & Timing
        • RTC
        • Clock generator
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Power Management
        • Battery charger
        • Boost
        • Buck
        • Linear
        • Buck-Boost
        • Wireless Charging
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
    • necto icon Necto
      • ARM
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • PIC
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for PIC
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • PIC32
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for PIC32
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • dsPIC
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
      • AVR
        • mikroC AI
          • mikroC AI for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • Visual TFT AI
    • compilers icon Compilers
      • ARM
        • C
          • mikroC AI for ARM
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • PIC
        • C
          • mikroC AI for PIC
          • mikroC PRO for PIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • mikroC AI for PIC32
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
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  1. Home
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  3. Architecture and programming of 8051 MCUs
  4. power-consumption-control
MikroElektronika books

4.10 Power Consumption Control

 

Like all models belonging to the 8051 series, this microcontroller can operate in 1 out of 3 modes: normal (consumption ca. 25 mA), Idle(consumption ca. 6.5 mA) and Power Down (consumption ca. 40 uA). The mode of operation is selected by bits of the PCON register (Power Control Register). Three bits are changed compared to the basic model:

PCON register 8051-chapter-04-image-045 The purpose of the bits of the PCON register: SMOD1 When set, this bit makes boud rate twice as high. SMOD0 Bit determines the purpose of the 7th bit of the SCON register:
  • 0 Seventh bit of the SCON register has the function of SM0, i.e. selects mode of operation.
  • 1 Seventh bit has the function of FE, i.e. detects errors. It is rarely used.
POF Bit is automatically set when the voltage level reaches maximum (must be higher than 3V) after powering on. It is used for detecting cause for reset (power on or restart condition after exiting Power Down mode). GF1 General purpose bit (available for use). GF0 General purpose bit (available for use). PD By setting this bit, the microcontroller is set in Power Down mode. IDL By setting this bit, the microcontroller is set in Idle mode.

When something goes wrong...

If something unexpected happens during the operation of the microcontroller, what most bothers is the fact that it’s never the microcontroller's fault. Although it’s not self-evident, the microcontroller always obediently follows program instructions. For this reason, it is necessary to pay special attention to several “critical points” when writing a program. The first one is RAM memory. Even though it is designed to meet needs of the majority of users and has all required, a memory space intended for RAM is still only a single entity. It means that there are no phisically separated registers R0-R7, general purpose registers, stack etc. Instead, these are differently designated parts of the same “memory shelf”. Refer to the figure below. 8051-chapter-04-image-045 If we neglect this “detail”, there is a risk that the program suddenly starts to perform unpredictably. In order to prevent it, it is necessary to take care of the following: If only registers R0-R7 from bank 0 are in use, everything is easily kept under control and program memory locations from 08h to 1Fh are available for use. If registers, otherwise having the same names, from some other bank are in use, you should be careful when using locations whose addresses are less than 20h because it can cause “R” registers to be erased. If bit-variables are not used in the program, program memory locations 20h-2Fh are available for use. If the program contains bit-variables, you should be careful when using these location in order not to change them accidentaly. By default, the data pushed onto stack occupy program memory locations starting from 08h. If the banks 1, 2 or 3 are in use, their contents will be certainly erased. For this reason, it is recommended to set the Stack Pointer value to be greater than 20h or even greater at the beginning of the program. SFRs are used for controlling the microcontroller operation. Each of them has its specific purpose and it should be observed. It means that they cannot be used as general purpose registers even in the event that some of their locations is not occupied. Instruction set, recognized by the microcontroller, contains instructions which can be used for controlling individual bits of registers at program memory location 20h-7Fh. Besides, individual bits of some SFRs (not all of them) can also be directly accessed. Addresses of these registers are divisible by 8. If memory is expanded by adding external RAM or ROM memory chip, ports P0 and P2 are not available for use regardless of how many pins are actually used for memory expansion. The DPTR register is a 16-bit register comprised of registers DPH and DPL which are 8-bit wide each. The DPTR register should be considered like that practically. For example, when pushing it onto the Stack, DPL should be pushed first, then DPH. When used, serial communication is under control of the SCON register. Besides, registers TCON and TMOD should be configured for this purpose as well since the timer T1 is mostly used for boud rate generation. When some of the interrupts is enabled, you should be careful because there is a risk that program starts to perform unexpectedly. When an interrupt request arrives, the microcontroller will execute instruction in progress, push the address of the first following location onto the stack (in order to know from where to continue) and jump to the specified interrupt routine address. When the routine has been executed, the microcontroller will pop the address from the stack and continue from where it left off. However... The microcontroller saves only the address to continue from after routine execution. What is usually neglected is the fact that the contents of many registers can be changed during routine execution. The program normally procedees with execution considering the changed registers correct if their original vaules haven't been saved, thus causing a total chaos. The worst thing is that this problem can be manifested anytime: at the moment or several days later (depending on the moment an interrupt occurs). Obviously, the only solution is to save the state of all important registers at the beginning of interrupt routine and to update these values before returning to the program. We are actually talking about the following registers:
  • PSW
  • DPTR (DPH, DPL)
  • ACC
  • B
  • Registers R0 - R7
Note: Contents of registers are usually saved by being pushed onto the Stack using the PUSH instruction. However, instructions such as “PUSH R0” cannot be used here because the microcontroller “doesn’t know” which register is concerned as there are 4 banks with registers haing the same names R0-R7. For this reason, it is necessary to save addresses of these registers instead of their names using the PUSH 00h instruction. When some of the instructions for indirect addressing is used, you should be careful not to use them for accessing SFRs as the microcontroller ignores their addresses and accesses free RAM locations having the same addresses as SFRs. When UART system for serial communication is used, setting bits RI and TI of the SCON register generated the same interrupt. If such an interrupt is generated, it is first necessary to detect interrupt source (byte is sent, received or both). It is important to remember that the microcontroller only sets these bits so that they must be cleared from within the program. Otherwise, the program gets stuck and executes the same interrupt routine over and over again.

A list of bit-addressable registers

Accumulator (Address: E0)
ACC
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address E7 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 E1 E0
B register (Address: F0)
B
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 F0
Interrupt Priority register (Address: B8)
IP
After reset X X 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - PT2 PS PT1 PX1 PT0 PX0
Bit address BF BE BD BC BB BA B9 B8
Interrupt Enable register (Address: A8)
IE
After reset 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name EA - ET2 ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
Bit address AF AE AD AC AB AA A9 A8
Port 0 (Address: 80)
P0
After reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80
Port 1 (Address: 90)
P1
After reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90
Port 2 (Address: A0)
P2
After reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
Port 3 (Address: B0)
P3
After reset 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Bit address B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
Program Status Word (Address: D0)
PSW
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name CY AC F0 RS1 RS0 OV - P
Bit address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Serial Port Control register (Address: 98)
SCON
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name SM0 SM1 SM2 REN TB8 RB8 TI RI
Bit address 9F 9E 9D 9C 9B 9A 99 98
Timer Control register (Address: 88)
TCON
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IF1 IT1 IF0 IT0
Bit address 8F 8E 8D 8C 8B 8A 89 88
Timer/Counter 2 Control register (Address: C8)
T2CON
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name TF2 EXF2 RCLK TCLK EXEN2 TR2 C/T2 CP/RL2
Bit address CF CE CD CC CB CA C9 C8

A list of non bit-addressable registers

Auxiliary register (Address: 8E)
AUXR
After reset X X X X X X X 0
Bit name - - - - - - Intel_Pwd_Exit DISALE
Clock register (Address: 8F)
CLKREG
After reset X X X X X X X 0
Bit name - - - - - - - X2
Data Pointer 0 High (Address: 83)
DP0H
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Data Pointer 0 Low (Address: 82)
DP0L
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Data Pointer 1 High Byte (Address: 85)
DP1H
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Data Pointer 1 Low Byte (Address: 84)
DP1L
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
EEPROM Control (Address: 96)
EECON
After reset X X 0 0 0 0 1 1
Bit name - - EELD EEMWE EEMEN DPS RDY/BSY WRTINH
Interrupt Priority High Byte (Address: B7)
IPH
After reset X X 0 0 0 0 1 1
Bit name - - PT2H PSH PT1H PX1H PT0H PX0H
Power Control (Address: 87)
PCON
After reset 0 X X X 0 0 0 0
Bit name SMOD - - - GF1 GF0 PD IDL
Slave Address (Address: A9)
SADDR
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Slave Address Enable (Address: B9)
SADEN
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Serial buffer (Address: 99)
SBUF
After reset X X X X X X X X
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Stack Pointer (Address: 81)
SP
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
Bit name - - - - - - - -
SPI Control register (Address: D5)
SPCR
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Bit name SPIE SPE DORD MSTR CPOL CPHA SPR1 SPR0
SPI Data register (Address: 86)
SPDR
After reset - - - - - - - -
Bit name - - - - - - - -
SPI Status register (Address: AA)
SPSR
After reset 0 0 0 - - - 0 0
Bit name SPIF WCOL LDEN - - - DISSO ENH
Timer 2 Reload Capture High (Address: CB)
RCAP2H
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 2 Reload Capture Low (Address: CA)
RCAP2L
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 0 Low (Address: 8A)
TL0
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 1 Low (Address: 8B)
TL1
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 2 Low (Address: CC)
TL2
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 0 High Byte (Address: 8C)
TH0
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 1 High Byte (Address: 8D)
TH1
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer 2 High Byte (Address: CD)
TH2
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - - -
Timer Mode (Address: 89)
TMOD
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name GATE1 C/T1 T1M1 T1M0 GATE0 C/T0 T0M1 T0M0
Timer 2 Mode Control (Address: C9)
T2MOD
After reset X X X X X X 0 0
Bit name - - - - - - T2OE DCEN
Watchdog Timer Control (Address: A7)
WDTCON
After reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit name PS2 PS1 PS0 WDIDLE DISRTO HWDT WSWRST WDTEN
Watchdog Timer Reset (Address: A6)
WDTCON
After reset - - - - - - - -
Bit name - - - - - - - -

Voltage characteristics of the AT89S8253 microcontrollers

SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITION MIN. MAX.
VIL Input Low-voltage All pins except EA -0.5 V 0.2Vcc - 0.1V
VIL1 Input Low-voltage on EA pin -0.5 V 0.2Vcc - 0.3V
VIH Input High-voltage All pins except XTAL1 and RST 0.2 Vcc + 0.9V Vcc + 0.5 V
VIH1 Input High-voltage on pins XTAL1 and RST 0.7 Vcc Vcc + 0.5 V
VOL Output High-voltage Iol = 10mA, Vcc = 4.0V, Ta = 85°C 0.4 V
VOH1 Output High-voltage when Pull-up resistors are enabled (Port P0 in External BUS mode, ports P1,2,3, pins ALE and PSEN) Ioh = -40mA, Ta = 85°C Ioh = -25mA, Ta = 85°C Ioh = -10mA, Ta = 85°C 2.4 V 0.75 Vcc 0.9 Vcc
IIL Logical 0 input current (ports P1,2,3) Vin = 0.45V, Vcc = 5.5V, Ta = -40°C - 50 μA
IILI Input leakage current (port P0, pin EA) 0.45V < Vin < Vcc ± 10 μA
RRST Reset pull-down resistor 50 KΩ 150 KΩ
CIO I/O pin Capacitance f = 1Mhz, Ta = 25°C 10 pF
ICC
Power-supply current Normal mode: f = 12Mhz, Vcc = 5.5V Ta = -40°C Idlle mode f = 12Mhz, Vcc = 5.5V Ta = -40°C 25 mA 6.5 mA
Power-down mode Vcc = 5.5V Ta = -40°C Vcc = 4V Ta = -40°C 100 μA 40 μA

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