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        • C
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      • PIC32
        • C
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8 over USB-C
          • EasyPIC v8
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          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC PRO v7a
          • PICPLC16 v7a
          • EasyPIC v7a
          • EasyPIC PRO v7
          • EasyPIC v7
        • 6th Generation
          • PICPLC16 v6
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyPIC v8 PIC24/dsPIC33
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
          • EasyPIC v7 for dsPIC30
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy24-33 v6
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC32
          • Fusion for PIC32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for ARM v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for STM32 v8
          • Fusion for STM32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for KINETIS v8
          • Fusion for Kinetis v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for TIVA v8
          • Fusion for TIVA v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyMx PRO v7a STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 Tiva
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyAVR PRO v8
          • EasyAVR PRO v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyAVR v7
        • 6th Generation
          • AVRPLC16 v6
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • 7th generation
          • BIG8051
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy8051 v6
      • PSoC (8-bit)
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6 Development System
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6
          • mikroBoard for PIC 80-pin
          • mikroBoard for AVR
          • mikroBoard for dsPIC
          • mikroBoard for PSoC
          • mikroBoard for 8051
          • mikroBoard for PIC 40-pin
          • mikroBoard for ARM
          • mikroBoard for ARM 144-pin
      • IoT - Wearable
        • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear Power User Pack
          • Hexiwear Docking Station
          • Hexiwear Battery Pack
          • Hexiwear Color Pack
          • Hexiwear Workstation
      • Analog Boards
        • 7th Generation
          • Analog System Lab Kit PRO
    • Starter Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FK
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • Ready for PIC Board
          • Ready for PIC (DIP28)
          • PIC-Ready2 Board
          • MMC Ready Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC24
          • Clicker 2 for dsPIC33
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • dsPIC-Ready1 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready2 Board
          • DsPIC-Ready3 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready4 Board
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC32MX clicker
          • 6LoWPAN Clicker
          • PIC32MZ clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MX
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-32 Board
          • MINI-32 for PIC32MZ
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click PIC32MZ
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • RA4M1 Clicker
          • Kinetis Clicker
          • MSP432 Clicker
          • CEC1702 clicker
          • CEC1302 Clicker
          • STM32 M4 clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for STM32
          • Clicker 2 for Kinetis
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1702
          • Clicker 2 for MSP432
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1302
          • Clicker 2 for PSoC 6
        • Clicker 4
          • Clicker 4 for TMPM4K
          • Clicker 4 for STM32
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-M4 for STM32
          • MINI-M4 For Kinetis
          • MINI-M4 for Tiva
          • MINI-M4 for Stellaris
          • MINI-M4 for MSP432
          • MINI-M0 for STM32
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click SAM3X
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-AT Board - 3.3V
          • MINI-AT Board - 5V
        • Ready
          • Ready for AVR Board
          • Ready For XMEGA
          • mikroXMEGA Board
          • AVR-Ready2 Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • 8051-Ready Board
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for FT90x
      • Miscellaneous
        • USB
          • USB Wizard
          • Quail
          • FlowPaw Kit
      • Universal Boards
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
    • Prog-Debug
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for dsPIC
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC32
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for ARM
          • CODEGRIP for ARM USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for STM32
          • CODEGRIP for KINETIS
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for STM32
          • mikroProg for Tiva
          • mikroProg for Kinetis
          • mikroProg for CEC
          • mikroProg for MSP432
          • mikroProg for PSoC 5LP
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for AVR
          • CODEGRIP for AVR - USB-C
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for 8051
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for FT90x
    • Smart Displays
      • 2.8"
        • ARM (32-bit)
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        • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
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      • 3.5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 4.3"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 7"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
    • MCU Cards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
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        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
    • Accessories
      • TFT Displays
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      • ARM
        • mikroLab Kits
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          • mikroLAB for Tiva
        • EasyStart Kits
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        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 4" - STM32F4
          • TFT 5" - TIVA
          • TFT 7" - STM32F4
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M3
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M4
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 3" - STM32F3
          • TFT 3" - STM32F4
        • TFT Professional Kits
          • TFT 5 Pro Kit - TIVA
          • TFT 7 Pro Kit - STM32F4
          • TFT Plus Pro Kit - STM32F4
      • PIC32
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for PIC32
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX4
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
          • TFT 4" - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
        • Home Automation
          • AWS Home
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC L
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33FJ
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33EP
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC24EP
          • Easy Start Kit - dsPIC30
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
      • AVR
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for AVR
          • mikroLAB for AVR L
          • mikroLAB for AVR XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - AVR
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT Designer kit - XMEGA
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT Developer kit - XMEGA
      • 8051
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for 8051 L
          • mikroLAB for 8051
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - 8051
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MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • click boards icon Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • DMX
        • CXPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • LCD
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • EERAM
        • ReRAM
        • DRAM
        • Click Shields
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      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Servo
        • Stepper
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Audio & Voice
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        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
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        • Haptic
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    • necto icon NECTO
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    • compilers icon Compilers
      • PIC
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for dsPIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for dsPIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for AVR
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for FT90x
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for FT90x
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for 8051
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • dev boards icon Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
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  4. Architecture and programming of 8051 MCUs (Ebook) 2.7 - MikroE
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2.7 UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter)

 

One of the microcontroller features making it so powerful is an integrated UART, better known as a serial port. It is a full-duplex port, thus being able to transmit and receive data simultaneously and at different baud rates. Without it, serial data send and receive would be an enormously complicated part of the program in which the pin state is constantly changed and checked at regular intervals. When using UART, all the programmer has to do is to simply select serial port mode and baud rate. When it's done, serial data transmit is nothing but writing to the SBUF register, while data receive represents reading the same register. The microcontroller takes care of not making any error during data transmission.

8051-chapter-02-image-036 Serial port must be configured prior to being used. In other words, it is necessary to determine how many bits is contained in one serial “word”, baud rate and synchronization clock source. The whole process is in control of the bits of the SCON register (Serial Control).

Serial Port Control (SCON) Register

8051-chapter-02-image-037
  • SM0 - Serial port mode bit 0 is used for serial port mode selection.
  • SM1 - Serial port mode bit 1.
  • SM2 - Serial port mode 2 bit, also known as multiprocessor communication enable bit. When set, it enables multiprocessor communication in mode 2 and 3, and eventually mode 1. It should be cleared in mode 0.
  • REN - Reception Enable bit enables serial reception when set. When cleared, serial reception is disabled.
  • TB8 - Transmitter bit 8. Since all registers are 8-bit wide, this bit solves the problem of transmiting the 9th bit in modes 2 and 3. It is set to transmit a logic 1 in the 9th bit.
  • RB8 - Receiver bit 8 or the 9th bit received in modes 2 and 3. Cleared by hardware if 9th bit received is a logic 0. Set by hardware if 9th bit received is a logic 1.
  • TI - Transmit Interrupt flag is automatically set at the moment the last bit of one byte is sent. It's a signal to the processor that the line is available for a new byte transmite. It must be cleared from within the software.
  • RI - Receive Interrupt flag is automatically set upon one byte receive. It signals that byte is received and should be read quickly prior to being replaced by a new data. This bit is also cleared from within the software.
As seen, serial port mode is selected by combining the SM0 and SM2 bits:
SM0 SM1 MODE DESCRIPTION BAUD RATE
0 0 0 8-bit Shift Register 1/12 the quartz frequency
0 1 1 8-bit UART Determined by the timer 1
1 0 2 9-bit UART 1/32 the quartz frequency (1/64 the quartz frequency)
1 1 3 9-bit UART Determined by the timer 1
 
In mode 0, serial data are transmitted and received through the RXD pin, while the TXD pin output clocks. The bout rate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency. On transmit, the least significant bit (LSB bit) is sent/received first.
8051-chapter-02-image-038
TRANSMIT - Data transmit is initiated by writing data to the SBUF register. In fact, this process starts after any instruction being performed upon this register. When all 8 bits have been sent, the TI bit of the SCON register is automatically set. 8051-chapter-02-image-039RECEIVE - Data receive through the RXD pin starts upon the two following conditions are met: bit REN=1 and RI=0 (both of them are stored in the SCON register). When all 8 bits have been received, the RI bit of the SCON register is automatically set indicating that one byte receive is complete. 8051-chapter-02-image-040 Since there are no START and STOP bits or any other bit except data sent from the SBUF register in the pulse sequence, this mode is mainly used when the distance between devices is short, noise is minimized and operating speed is of importance. A typical example is I/O port expansion by adding a cheap IC (shift registers 74HC595, 74HC597 and similar).

Mode 1

In mode 1, 10 bits are transmitted through the TXD pin or received through the RXD pin in the following manner: a START bit (always 0), 8 data bits (LSB first) and a STOP bit (always 1). The START bit is only used to initiate data receive, while the STOP bit is automatically written to the RB8 bit of the SCON register.
8051-chapter-02-image-041
TRANSMIT - Data transmit is initiated by writing data to the SBUF register. End of data transmission is indicated by setting the TI bit of the SCON register. 8051-chapter-02-image-042RECEIVE - The START bit (logic zero (0)) on the RXD pin initiates data receive. The following two conditions must be met: bit REN=1 and bit RI=0. Both of them are stored in the SCON register. The RI bit is automatically set upon data reception is complete. 8051-chapter-02-image-043The Baud rate in this mode is determined by the timer 1 overflow.

Mode 2

In mode 2, 11 bits are transmitted through the TXD pin or received through the RXD pin: a START bit (always 0), 8 data bits (LSB first), a programmable 9th data bit and a STOP bit (always 1). On transmit, the 9th data bit is actually the TB8 bit of the SCON register. This bit usually has a function of parity bit. On receive, the 9th data bit goes into the RB8 bit of the same register (SCON).The baud rate is either 1/32 or 1/64 the oscillator frequency.
8051-chapter-02-image-044
TRANSMIT - Data transmit is initiated by writing data to the SBUF register. End of data transmission is indicated by setting the TI bit of the SCON register. 8051-chapter-02-image-045RECEIVE - The START bit (logic zero (0)) on the RXD pin initiates data receive. The following two conditions must be met: bit REN=1 and bit RI=0. Both of them are stored in the SCON register. The RI bit is automatically set upon data reception is complete. 8051-chapter-02-image-046

Mode 3

Mode 3 is the same as Mode 2 in all respects except the baud rate. The baud rate in Mode 3 is variable.

In short

The parity bit is the P bit of the PSW register. The simplest way to check correctness of the received byte is to add a parity bit to it. Simply, before initiating data transmit, the byte to transmit is stored in the accumulator and the P bit goes into the TB8 bit in order to be “a part of the message”. The procedure is opposite on receive, received byte is stored in the accumulator and the P bit is compared with the RB8 bit. If they are the same- everything is OK!
 

Baud Rate

Baud Rate is a number of sent/received bits per second. In case the UART is used, baud rate depends on: selected mode, oscillator frequency and in some cases on the state of the SMOD bit of the SCON register. All the necessary formulas are specified in the table:
  BAUD RATE BITSMOD
Mode 0 Fosc. / 12  
Mode 1 1 Fosc. 16 12 (256-TH1) BitSMOD
Mode 2 Fosc. / 32 Fosc. / 64 1 0
Mode 3 1 Fosc. 16 12 (256-TH1)  

Timer 1 as a clock generator

Timer 1 is usually used as a clock generator as it enables various baud rates to be easily set. The whole procedure is simple and is as follows:
  • First, enable Timer 1 overflow interrupt.
  • Configure Timer T1 to operate in auto-reload mode.
  • Depending on needs, select one of the standard values from the table and write it to the TH1 register. That's all.
BAUD RATE FOSC. (MHZ) BIT SMOD
11.0592 12 14.7456 16 20
150 40 h 30 h 00 h     0
300 A0 h 98 h 80 h 75 h 52 h 0
600 D0 h CC h C0 h BB h A9 h 0
1200 E8 h E6 h E0 h DE h D5 h 0
2400 F4 h F3 h F0 h EF h EA h 0
4800   F3 h EF h EF h   1
4800 FA h   F8 h   F5 h 0
9600 FD h   FC h     0
9600         F5 h 1
19200 FD h   FC h     1
38400     FE h     1
76800     FF h     1

Multiprocessor Communication

As you may know, additional 9th data bit is a part of message in mode 2 and 3. It can be used for checking data via parity bit. Another useful application of this bit is in communication between two or more microcontrollers, i.e. multiprocessor communication. This feature is enabled by setting the SM2 bit of the SCON register. As a result, after receiving the STOP bit, indicating end of the message, the serial port interrupt will be generated only if the bit RB8 = 1 (the 9th bit). This is how it looks like in practice: Suppose there are several microcontrollers sharing the same interface. Each of them has its own address. An address byte differs from a data byte because it has the 9th bit set (1), while this bit is cleared (0) in a data byte. When the microcontroller A (master) wants to transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address byte which identifies the target slave. An address byte will generate an interrupt in all slaves so that they can examine the received byte and check whether it matches their address. 8051-chapter-02-image-047 Of course, only one of them will match the address and immediately clear the SM2 bit of the SCON register and prepare to receive the data byte to come. Other slaves not being addressed leave their SM2 bit set ignoring the coming data bytes. 8051-chapter-02-image-048

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