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        • C
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      • PIC32
        • C
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        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
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        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
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        • Pascal
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8 over USB-C
          • EasyPIC v8
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          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC PRO v7a
          • PICPLC16 v7a
          • EasyPIC v7a
          • EasyPIC PRO v7
          • EasyPIC v7
        • 6th Generation
          • PICPLC16 v6
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyPIC v8 PIC24/dsPIC33
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30
          • EasyPIC v8 for dsPIC30 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
          • EasyPIC v7 for dsPIC30
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy24-33 v6
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC32
          • Fusion for PIC32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for ARM v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for STM32 v8
          • Fusion for STM32 over USB-C
          • Fusion for KINETIS v8
          • Fusion for Kinetis v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for TIVA v8
          • Fusion for TIVA v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyMx PRO v7a STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 STM32
          • EasyMx PRO v7 Tiva
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • EasyAVR PRO v8
          • EasyAVR PRO v8 over USB-C
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyAVR v7
        • 6th Generation
          • AVRPLC16 v6
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • 7th generation
          • BIG8051
        • 6th Generation
          • Easy8051 v6
      • PSoC (8-bit)
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6 Development System
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
      • Universal Boards
        • 8th Generation
          • UNI-DS v8
          • UNI-DS v8 over USB-C
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • Fusion for ARM v8
        • 7th Generation
          • EasyPIC Fusion v7
        • 6th Generation
          • UNI-DS6
          • mikroBoard for PIC 80-pin
          • mikroBoard for AVR
          • mikroBoard for dsPIC
          • mikroBoard for PSoC
          • mikroBoard for 8051
          • mikroBoard for PIC 40-pin
          • mikroBoard for ARM
          • mikroBoard for ARM 144-pin
      • IoT - Wearable
        • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear
          • Hexiwear Power User Pack
          • Hexiwear Docking Station
          • Hexiwear Battery Pack
          • Hexiwear Color Pack
          • Hexiwear Workstation
      • Analog Boards
        • 7th Generation
          • Analog System Lab Kit PRO
    • Starter Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ
          • Clicker 2 for PIC18FK
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • Ready for PIC Board
          • Ready for PIC (DIP28)
          • PIC-Ready2 Board
          • MMC Ready Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC24
          • Clicker 2 for dsPIC33
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • dsPIC-Ready1 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready2 Board
          • DsPIC-Ready3 Board
          • dsPIC-Ready4 Board
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • PIC32MX clicker
          • 6LoWPAN Clicker
          • PIC32MZ clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MX
          • Clicker 2 for PIC32MZ
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-32 Board
          • MINI-32 for PIC32MZ
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click PIC32MZ
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • Clicker
          • RA4M1 Clicker
          • Kinetis Clicker
          • MSP432 Clicker
          • CEC1702 clicker
          • CEC1302 Clicker
          • STM32 M4 clicker
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for STM32
          • Clicker 2 for Kinetis
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1702
          • Clicker 2 for MSP432
          • Clicker 2 for CEC1302
          • Clicker 2 for PSoC 6
        • Clicker 4
          • Clicker 4 for TMPM4K
          • Clicker 4 for STM32
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-M4 for STM32
          • MINI-M4 For Kinetis
          • MINI-M4 for Tiva
          • MINI-M4 for Stellaris
          • MINI-M4 for MSP432
          • MINI-M0 for STM32
        • Flip&Click
          • Flip&Click SAM3X
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • MINI
          • MINI-AT Board - 3.3V
          • MINI-AT Board - 5V
        • Ready
          • Ready for AVR Board
          • Ready For XMEGA
          • mikroXMEGA Board
          • AVR-Ready2 Board
        • StartUSB
          • StartUSB for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
        • Ready
          • 8051-Ready Board
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • Clicker 2
          • Clicker 2 for FT90x
      • Miscellaneous
        • USB
          • USB Wizard
          • Quail
          • FlowPaw Kit
      • Universal Boards
        • Clicker 4
          • UNI Clicker
    • Prog-Debug
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for dsPIC
      • PIC32 (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for PIC
          • CODEGRIP for PIC USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for PIC32
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for ARM
          • CODEGRIP for ARM USB-C
          • CODEGRIP for STM32
          • CODEGRIP for KINETIS
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva
          • CODEGRIP for Tiva USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for STM32
          • mikroProg for Tiva
          • mikroProg for Kinetis
          • mikroProg for CEC
          • mikroProg for MSP432
          • mikroProg for PSoC 5LP
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • CODEGRIP
          • CODEGRIP for AVR
          • CODEGRIP for AVR - USB-C
          • UNI CODEGRIP
          • UNI CODEGRIP - USB-C
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for AVR
      • 8051 (8-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for 8051
      • FT90x (32-bit)
        • mikroProg
          • mikroProg for FT90x
    • Smart Displays
      • 2.8"
        • ARM (32-bit)
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        • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
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      • 3.5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 4.3"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC (8-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 5"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
        • PIC32 (32-bit)
      • 7"
        • ARM (32-bit)
        • FT90x (32-bit)
    • MCU Cards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
      • dsPIC/PIC24 (16-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
        • 6th Generation
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        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • ARM (32-bit)
        • 8th Generation
        • 7th Generation
      • AVR (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
      • RISC-V (32bit)
        • 8th Generation
    • Accessories
      • TFT Displays
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      • ARM
        • mikroLab Kits
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          • mikroLAB for Tiva
        • EasyStart Kits
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        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 4" - STM32F4
          • TFT 5" - TIVA
          • TFT 7" - STM32F4
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M3
          • TFT 3" - STM32 M4
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - TIVA
          • TFT 3" - STM32F3
          • TFT 3" - STM32F4
        • TFT Professional Kits
          • TFT 5 Pro Kit - TIVA
          • TFT 7 Pro Kit - STM32F4
          • TFT Plus Pro Kit - STM32F4
      • PIC32
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for PIC32
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX4
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
          • TFT 4" - PIC32MX7
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - PIC32MX4
        • Home Automation
          • AWS Home
      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC L
          • mikroLAB for dsPIC XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33FJ
          • EasyStart Kit - dsPIC33EP
          • EasyStart Kit - PIC24EP
          • Easy Start Kit - dsPIC30
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24FJ
          • TFT 3" - PIC24EP
          • TFT 3" - dsPIC33EP
      • AVR
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for AVR
          • mikroLAB for AVR L
          • mikroLAB for AVR XL
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - AVR
        • TFT Designer Kits
          • TFT Designer kit - XMEGA
        • TFT Developer Kits
          • TFT Developer kit - XMEGA
      • 8051
        • mikroLab Kits
          • mikroLAB for 8051 L
          • mikroLAB for 8051
        • EasyStart Kits
          • Easy Start Kit - 8051
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MikroElektronika white logo
  • Products
    • click boards icon Click Boards
      • Wireless Connectivity
        • GPS/GNSS
        • GSM/LTE
        • LTE IoT
        • BT/BLE
        • WiFi
        • RFID/NFC
        • GSM+GPS
        • 6LoWPAN
        • ZigBee
        • UWB
        • SigFox
        • Sub-1 GHz Transceievers
        • 2.4 GHz Trancevers
        • LoRa
      • Sensors
        • Biometrics
        • Gas
        • Magnetic
        • Motion
        • Optical
        • Pressure
        • Proximity
        • Temperature & humidity
        • Current sensor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Environmental
        • Force
        • Inductance
        • RF meter
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Interface
        • Adapter
        • CAN
        • Port expander
        • RS485
        • USB
        • 1-Wire
        • RS232
        • Ethernet
        • LIN
        • PWM
        • Current
        • DALI
        • I2C
        • Fiber optics
        • SPI
        • DMX
        • CXPI
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Display & LED
        • LED Drivers
        • LED Matrix
        • LED Segment
        • OLED
        • LCD
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Miscellaneous
        • Relay
        • Optocoupler
        • ID
        • Proto
        • Encryption
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Mixed Signal
        • ADC
        • Measurements
        • DAC
        • Digital potentiometer
        • ADC-DAC
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Storage
        • EEPROM
        • FLASH
        • FRAM
        • microSD
        • MRAM
        • SRAM
        • EERAM
        • ReRAM
        • DRAM
        • Click Shields
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      • Motor Control
        • Brushed
        • Brushless
        • Servo
        • Stepper
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • Audio & Voice
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        • Speakers
        • Signal Processing
        • Speech recognition
        • FM
        • MP3
        • Click Shields
        • Click Bundles
      • HMI
        • Capacitive
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        • Haptic
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    • necto icon NECTO
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    • compilers icon Compilers
      • PIC
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        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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      • dsPIC/PIC24
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for dsPIC
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for dsPIC
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for dsPIC
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
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          • MikroPlot
      • PIC32
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for PIC32
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for PIC32
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for PIC32
        • Additional Software
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          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
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          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • ARM
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for ARM
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for ARM
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for ARM
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual TFT AI
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • AVR
        • C
          • NECTO Studio
          • mikroC PRO for AVR
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for AVR
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for AVR
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • FT90x
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for FT90x
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for FT90x
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for FT90x
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
          • CODEGRIP SSL license
          • Visual TFT
          • Visual GLCD
          • Package Manager
          • mikroBootloader
          • CAN calculator
          • GLCD Font Creator
          • Timer Calculator
          • MikroPlot
      • 8051
        • C
          • mikroC PRO for 8051
        • Basic
          • mikroBasic PRO for 8051
        • Pascal
          • mikroPascal PRO for 8051
        • Additional Software
          • CODEGRIP WiFi license
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          • Visual TFT
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          • Package Manager
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          • CAN calculator
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          • MikroPlot
    • dev boards icon Dev Boards
      • PIC (8-bit)
        • 8th Generation
          • Fusion for PIC v8
          • EasyPIC PRO v8
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  1. Home
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  3. Components of electronic devices
  4. coils
MikroElektronika books

3.1 Coils

 

Coils are not a very common component in electronic circuits, however when they are used, they need to be understood. They are encountered in oscillators, radio-receivers, transmitter and similar devices containing oscillatory circuits. In amateur devices, coils can be made by winding one or more layers of insulated copper wire onto a former such as PVC, cardboard, etc. Factory-made coils come in different shapes and sizes, but the common feature for all is an insulated body with turns of copper wire.

The basic characteristic of every coil is its inductance. Inductance is measured in Henry (H), but more common are millihenry (mH) and microhenry (µH) as one Henry is quite a high inductance value. As a reminder:

1H = 1000mH = 106 µH.

Coil inductance is marked by XL, and can be calculated using the following formula:

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-formula1

where f represents the frequency of the voltage in Hz and the L represents the coil inductance in H.

For example, if f equals 684 kHz, while L=0.6 mH, coil impedance will be:

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-formula2

The same coil would have three times higher impedance at three times higher frequency. As can be seen from the formula above, coil impedance is in direct proportion to frequency, so that coils, as well as capacitors, are used in circuits for filtering at specified frequencies. Note that coil impedance equals zero for DC (f=0).

Several coils are shown on the figures 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4.

The simplest coil is a single-layer air core coil. It is made on a cylindrical insulator (PVC, cardboard, etc.), as shown in figure 3.1. In the figure 3.1a, turns have space left between them, while the common practice is to wind the wire with no space between turns. To prevent the coil unwinding, the ends should be put through small holes as shown in the figure.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-3-1

Fig. 3.1: Single-layer coil

Figure 3.1b shows how the coil is made. If the coil needs 120 turns with a tapping on the thirtieth turn, there are two coils L1 with 30 turns and L2 with 90 turns. When the end of the first and the beginning of the second coil are soldered, we get a "tapping."

A multilayered coil is shown in figure 3.2a. The inside of the plastic former has a screw-thread, so that the ferromagnetic core in the shape of a small screw can be inserted. Screwing the core moves it along the axis and into the center of the coil to increase the inductance. In this manner, fine changes to the inductance can be made.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-3-2

Fig. 3.2: a. Multi-layered coil with core, b. Coupled coils

Figure 3.2b shows a high-frequency transformer. As can be seen, these are two coils are coupled by magnetic induction on a shared body. When the coils are required to have exact inductance values, each coil has a ferromagnetic core that can be adjusted along the coil axis.

At very high frequencies (above 50MHz) coil inductance is small, so coils need only a few turns. These coils are made of thick copper wire (approx. 0.5mm) with no coil body, as shown on the figure 3.3a. Their inductance can be adjusted by physically stretching or squeezing the turns together.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-3-3

Fig. 3.3: a. High frequency coil, b. Inter-frequency transformer

Figure 3.3b shows a metal casing containing two coils, with the schematic on the right. The parallel connection of the first coil and capacitor C forms an oscillatory circuit. The second coil is used for transferring the signal to the next stage. This is used in radio-receivers and similar devices. The metal casing serves as a screen to prevent external signals affecting the coils. For the casing to be effective, it must be earthed.

Fig 3.4 shows a "pot core" inductor. The core is made in two halves and are glued together. The core is made of ferromagnetic material, commonly called "ferrite." These inductors are used at frequencies up to 100kHz. Adjustment of the inductance can be made by the brass or steel screw in the centre of the coil.

understanding-electronics-components-chapter-03-3-4

Fig. 3.4: A "pot core" inductor

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